The scheduling library
Construction scheduling, explained.
46 articles on CPM, schedule updates, lookaheads, pull planning, delays, and the files schedulers trade. Written for people who update schedules, not people who sell them.
CPM fundamentals
Critical path, float, logic, and the math underneath. 8 articles
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FS, SS, FF, SF: Choosing the Right Relationship Type
What finish-to-start, start-to-start, finish-to-finish, and start-to-finish relationships mean, when each fits construction work, and how they go wrong.
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Forward and Backward Pass, Worked by Hand
A step-by-step forward and backward pass on a nine-activity foundation-to-dry-in network, with early and late dates, total float, and free float.
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Lags and Leads: The Hidden Logic in Your Schedule
What lags and leads do in a CPM schedule, why they hide work, how lag calendars change dates, and when to replace a lag with a real activity.
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Near-Critical Paths and Why They Deserve Attention
Paths with a little float are often a bigger risk than the critical path. How to define near-critical, track float erosion, and spot paths about to take over.
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Open Ends and Dangling Logic: Finding and Fixing Them
Open ends and dangling activities make float lie and hide delays. How to find missing predecessors and successors, SS/FF danglers, and how to fix them.
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Schedule Constraints: When to Use Them and What They Break
The types of date constraints in P6 and MS Project, which ones override logic, how they create negative float, and when a constraint is the right tool.
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Total Float vs. Free Float: What Each One Tells You
Total float protects the finish date. Free float protects the next activity. How each is calculated, why float is shared, and how to use both on site.
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What Is the Critical Path Method? A Plain Guide for Construction
What CPM is, how the critical path is found, what float means, and how to read a CPM schedule on a real building job without getting lost.
Building a schedule
WBS, durations, calendars, and level of detail. 9 articles
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Activity Codes, Filters, and Layouts That People Use
How to set up activity codes, filters, and saved layouts so superintendents, subs, and owners can each find their part of the schedule fast.
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Calendars, Holidays, and Weather Days
How to set up work calendars, holidays, and anticipated weather in a construction schedule so dates are realistic and weather delays are provable.
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Estimating Activity Durations the Field Will Believe
How to set construction activity durations from quantities, crews, and the people doing the work, so the schedule holds up in the field.
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Excel Schedules: When They're Fine and When They're Not
An honest look at Excel for construction scheduling: where a spreadsheet works, where it quietly breaks, and the signs it's time to move to CPM.
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How Many Activities Should a Schedule Have?
There is no magic activity count. Here is how to pick the right level of detail for a construction schedule and keep it maintainable.
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How to Build a WBS for a Construction Schedule
A practical way to structure a construction WBS so the schedule rolls up cleanly, matches how the job is built, and survives the first update.
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Milestones That Actually Mean Something
How to choose, define, and link construction schedule milestones so they mark real events and tell you something when they move.
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Resource Loading and Cost Loading: Do You Need Them?
What resource and cost loading add to a construction schedule, what they cost to maintain, and how to tell whether your job needs either one.
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Sequencing a Commercial Building Schedule, Start to Finish
The typical sequence of a commercial building schedule, from permits to turnover, with the handoffs and long-lead items that usually drive it.
Updates & control
Monthly updates, baselines, variance, and schedule health. 9 articles
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Baselines: When to Set Them and When to Re-Baseline
What a schedule baseline is for, when to set it, what counts as a valid reason to re-baseline, and how to do it without losing the record.
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Earned Value for Construction Schedulers
Planned value, earned value, actual cost, SPI and CPI explained with a worked construction example, plus where earned value misleads schedulers.
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How to Run a Monthly Schedule Update
A step-by-step process for the monthly CPM update: collecting progress, setting the data date, checking logic, and writing a narrative people read.
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Out-of-Sequence Progress and How to Clean It Up
Why out-of-sequence progress happens, how to find it in an update, and the four ways to fix the logic so the critical path stays honest.
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Reading Schedule Variance: What Slipped and Why
How to trace a milestone slip back through the driving path, separate late starts from long durations, and explain variance in plain terms.
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Retained Logic vs. Progress Override
What retained logic and progress override actually do to out-of-sequence work, with a worked example showing how each changes the finish date.
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Running Weekly Meetings Off the Schedule
How to run a weekly subcontractor or OAC meeting from the CPM schedule and lookahead, with an agenda, prep checklist, and what to record.
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The DCMA 14-Point Assessment, Explained for Construction
Each of the DCMA 14 schedule checks, what it measures, the usual threshold, and how to read the results on a construction schedule.
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The Data Date, Explained
What the data date is, how it splits actuals from forecast, the rules every update must follow, and the mistakes reviewers catch first.
Lookaheads & pull planning
Lookaheads, Last Planner, PPC, and the field. 7 articles
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A Superintendent's Guide to Reading a CPM Schedule
What the columns, bars, and float numbers on a CPM schedule mean in the field, and which parts a superintendent should check every week.
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Connecting Pull Plans Back to the Master Schedule
How to bring what a pull planning session learned back into the CPM schedule: durations, logic, milestones, and float, without running two schedules.
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How to Build a Three-Week Lookahead from the CPM Schedule
A practical method for cutting a three-week lookahead out of the master schedule, breaking it down for the field, and keeping the two in sync.
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How to Run a Pull Planning Session
How to prepare, facilitate, and close out a pull planning session so the trades leave with a sequence they built and will actually work to.
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Make-Ready Planning and Constraint Logs
How to screen lookahead work for constraints, run a constraint log people keep up, and clear the way before a crew shows up to a task it can't start.
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Percent Plan Complete (PPC) and Reasons for Variance
How to calculate PPC, how to record reasons for variance that lead somewhere, and why a high PPC doesn't mean the job is on schedule.
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The Last Planner System: An Overview for Schedulers
What the Last Planner System is, how its five planning levels fit together, and where it meets the CPM schedule a scheduler already maintains.
Delays & claims
Time impact analysis, fragnets, notices, and float. 7 articles
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As-Planned, As-Built, and Windows: Forensic Schedule Analysis Methods
A field guide to the main forensic delay analysis methods: what each one does, what records it needs, where it is weak, and how to pick one.
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Delay Notices: What to Include and When to Send Them
A delay notice preserves your right to time. What to put in it, when to send it, how it differs from a claim, and a template you can adapt.
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Documenting Weather Delays So They Hold Up
Weather days get granted when the records show unusual weather that stopped critical work. What to plan for, what to log daily, and how to count.
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Excusable, Compensable, and Concurrent Delay
The three delay categories that decide who gets time, who gets money, and who gets neither, with examples and a worked concurrency case.
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Fragnets: What They Are and How to Write One
A fragnet is the small network that models a change or delay. How to scope it, tie it in, pick durations, and get it accepted without a fight.
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Time Impact Analysis, Step by Step
How to run a time impact analysis: pick the right update, build the fragnet, insert it, recalculate, and explain the result so it survives review.
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Who Owns the Float?
Float ownership decides who benefits when a delay lands on a non-critical path. The common contract positions, how each plays out, and a worked example.
Files, specs & sharing
P6 and MS Project files, schedule specs, and owner reviews. 6 articles
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Gantt, Network Diagram, or Line of Balance?
Three ways to look at a construction schedule, what each shows and hides, and which one to use for logic review, field communication, or repetitive work.
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Moving Schedules Between P6, MS Project, and Everything Else
Which file formats to use when moving a schedule between tools, what survives the trip, what breaks, and how to verify the result before anyone relies on it.
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P6 .xer Files Explained
What's inside a Primavera P6 .xer file, how its tables fit together, and what to check when you receive one or export one.
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Reading a Schedule Spec: Section 01 32 16
What Section 01 32 16 usually requires, the clauses that cause trouble later, and a checklist for reading one at bid time or kickoff.
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Sharing Schedules with Owners and Subcontractors
Who needs which view of the schedule, in what format, how often, and how to keep everyone looking at the same version.
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What Owners Should Check in a Baseline Schedule Submittal
A practical review checklist for owners and owners' reps: contract compliance, logic quality, the critical path, durations, and how to respond.